Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions worldwide, comes in various types, each with its distinct characteristics and origins. Among the most popular are Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica coffees, each offering a unique flavor profile and history.
Three types of coffee are popular and commonly consumed by people. The following are popular types of coffee:
1. Arabica Coffee.
Arabica coffee was the first coffee discovered by Arabs in Ethiopia. The Arabs discovered and spread it worldwide, so it is called Arabica coffee.
Arabica coffee is the most popular coffee in the world. Coffee traders worldwide sell more Arabica coffee than other popular coffees. The price of this coffee is also quite expensive. This is because care and planting are not accessible.
Arabica coffee has its characteristics. The color of this coffee is not too thick when brewed. Then, the taste comes from the coffee’s acidity level being higher than its caffeine level. This coffee is more fragrant and decadent than other coffee. Examples of Arabica coffee are:
Arabica coffee has other varieties that are also spread throughout the world. Here are the varieties:
a. Typica.
This coffee variety is the oldest found in Ethiopia. It could be said that the parent of Arabica coffee is Typica coffee. The first coffee brought by the Dutch to Indonesia was typical coffee.
b. Bourbon.
This coffee variety exists because the French planted Arabica coffee on Bourbon Island, now called La Reunion Island. Because this coffee adapted to the soil on Bourbon Island, it underwent a mutation and became the Bourbon coffee variety.
2. Robusta Coffee.
Robusta coffee is a variety of canephora coffee. Apart from robusta, this canephora variety is Uganda coffee. Because most canephora coffee is a robusta variety, the name robusta coffee is generally used for canephora coffee.
Robusta coffee is strong against pests, so maintenance is easy. However, the quality and price are lower than those of Arabica coffee. Because this coffee is strong against pests, it is nicknamed robusta; robust means strong.
The Dutch imported robusta to Indonesia to replace Arabica coffee. At that time, Arabica coffee was attacked by leaf rust pests. Because there are many pests and Robusta coffee is robust, it was ultimately planted in Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia is the largest producer of robusta coffee after Vietnam and Brazil. Robusta coffee in Indonesia accounts for around 80% of other coffee.
The character of Robusta coffee is that it has a strong aroma and rough taste. The taste of robusta coffee is also more bitter than other coffees. Therefore, this coffee is suitable for mixing with milk and chocolate when serving it. It can be combined with milk and chocolate because the taste of this coffee will not be inferior to other flavors. An Example of robusta coffee is Java robusta coffee.
This Robusta coffee has a variety that is a cross between Arabica coffee. This cross produces plants with Arabica’s aroma but is as strong as robusta. The following are robusta and Arabica coffee varieties.
a. Timor.
This Timor coffee variety is named after the place where it was developed, Timor Island. This coffee cross aims to combine Arabica’s flavor with Robusta’s durability.
b. Catimor.
Catimor is a coffee variety from a cross between Caturra and Timor. This cross variety aims to produce coffee with pest resistance like Timor and harvest speed like Caturra. Because Timor has a robust taste, Catimor has a bitter taste but a low acidity.
3. Liberica Coffee.
Maybe coffee lovers often hear about Arabica and Robusta coffee. However, another famous coffee is produced as a world commodity, namely Liberica coffee.
This Liberica coffee is larger than Arabica and Robusta coffee. However, after the drying process is complete, the weight of the dry fruit in this coffee is only 10% of the wet fruit.
The weight loss of Liberica coffee is very unpopular with farmers because it increases the cost of harvesting. Because of this, the production of Liberica coffee is not as high as that of Arabica and Robusta coffee. The production level of Liberian coffee is only around 1% to 2% of world coffee.
Initially, Liberica coffee was known as Excelsa coffee, of which only one species existed. However, in 2006, Excelsa was declared a subspecies of Liberica and is known by the scientific name Coffea Liberica var. Dewwrei.
At PT Indo Malaka Global, we are a leading Indonesian coffee supplier. We offer a diverse range of premium coffee beans from Indonesia’s rich landscapes. Our commitment to quality and sustainability ensures that every cup of coffee tells a story of Indonesia’s rich coffee heritage—partner with us to experience the richness and diversity of Indonesian coffee firsthand.
Coffee Suppliers in Indonesia
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